What occurs during an insertion mutation?

During an insertion mutation, the process involves the addition of extra nucleotides into a DNA sequence. This type of mutation can lead to a frameshift effect, which can significantly alter the way the sequence is read during translation. When one or more nucleotides are inserted, the reading frame of the codons shifts, potentially changing all subsequent amino acids and leading to nonfunctional proteins. This mutation can have considerable implications for the organism, impacting traits and functions according to how it affects gene expression and protein synthesis.