What is the name of the process that includes transcription and translation to create proteins?

The process that includes transcription and translation to create proteins is known as protein synthesis. This vital biological process begins with transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA then carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. Following transcription, translation occurs, where the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and synthesizes a corresponding chain of amino acids, ultimately folding into a functional protein.

This recognition of protein synthesis encapsulates both the transcription of the genetic code and its subsequent translation into a tangible product—proteins, which play crucial roles in various cellular functions and processes. Understanding this process is fundamental in genetics and molecular biology, as it explains how genetic information is translated into the physical traits and functions of an organism.